The Painful State of Medicines and Prescriptions in India

Medicines or painkillers are like double-edged weapons that protect and destroy depending on their use or misuse. The two most important things in using a prescribed medication or a painkiller are its correct dosage and timing to get the best-desired result. Most common painkillers such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen are available without prescription to treat mild pain and fevers, and we consume these at our convenience. While opioids are commonly used painkillers that are available only with a doctor’s prescription. Improper or overuse of both non-prescriptive and prescriptive painkillers can increase the risk of life-threatening situations. Therefore, these medicines need to be used with utmost care under the strict medical supervision of qualified medical practitioners.

Before we detail the state of common prescription medicines in India, we need to state the misuse and abuse of medication in India. 

Misuse of Medicines in India

Medication misuse is generally associated with prescription medicines. Medication misuse occurs when the medicine is used for a purpose that is not following legal or medical guidelines. Examples include overdosage or untimely dosage, skipping, stopping dosage arbitrarily, and taking medicines that are not prescribed. Even the medicines that are underused due to cost issues or as a presumption to avoid side effects are also considered misused.

Most people in our country rely on shortcut methods of self-medication. Call it ignorance or negligence. They depend more on medication store sellers, neighbours, and friends for self-medication without knowing the profound health implications which follow.

It is universally acknowledged that every medicine has a side effect, mild or severe. Doctors take this into account while prescribing medications. But the people misusing the medicines may not understand the risk. The misuse or abuse of medicines, especially the common painkillers such as paracetamol and aspirin, have severe ill effects on human health, ranging from impairment of the brain to failure of vital organs such as the heart, liver, and kidney. Besides, the painkiller’s side effects involve multiple gastric problems, ulcers, vomiting, nausea, and drowsiness. 

So, patients must take medicines carefully under strict medical supervision to avoid unwanted health conditions.

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Medicine Abuse in India

Medication abuse is when prescription medicines, including painkillers, illicit medicines, or any psychoactive substances, are illegally consumed to get high or inflict self-harm. Misuse of prescription is also one of the approaches to medication abuse.

The abuse of medicines is more prevalent in developing countries like India, especially among illiterate sections and youths of society. After alcohol and tobacco, cannabis, heroin, opium, and hashish are the most commonly abused medicines in India. 

The main contributing factors to medication abuse are escaping pain and easing stress. Furthermore, poor medication regulations and a lack of unbiased medication information on medicines equally contribute to irrational medication use in India. Not only are patients responsible for irrational medication use, but pharmacists, consumers, and even healthcare providers are equally involved.

However, medication abuse is a voluntary reaction, and it can be controlled as the person intentionally takes unprescribed medicine for a while but can easily stop using it. But in the case of continuous abuse of medicines, there can be impairment in self-control leading to an addiction state that may require rehabilitation to recover. 

In India, medication abuse is a raging epidemic in the Punjab region, especially among youth. A study done by the Institute of Development and Communication stated that 70% of medication abusers were addicted to opium that they managed from village chemists.

To keep track of medication use in the nation, the government of India is implementing a National Action Plan for Medication Demand Reduction scheme that aims to educate, support, and provide rehabilitation centres and treatment facilities to medication addicts.

Cost-Dependent Treatment in India

In India, the cost of most medicines is fixed by the manufacturers or the importing firm. Further, the prices vary with the market conditions and forces. Only the essential or non-scheduled medicines detailed in the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) are available with price control. This list details only 384 medicines across 27 categories, yet approximately 60000 – 80000 brands of medicines are available in the Indian market. The high cost of other medicines or non-scheduled medicines has made the treatment of various common and rare diseases unaffordable to the poor and put a strain on the budgets of even middle-class people. The cost of medicines ranges from Rs 100 per day to Rs 1,00,000 per month, depending on the disease-modifying treatments. For this, earlier, only the branded medicines were promoted by the medical representatives to the medical practitioners, which were expensive and unaffordable. 

Therefore, to make medicines cost-effective for patients and to manage the prescription medicines by the healthcare business, a new law was framed in 2017 for the medical council of India (MCI) to make it mandatory for doctors to prescribe medicines by their generic names.

Role of Generic Medicines in improving the state of Medicines in India

A generic medicine is a pharmaceutical product with the same properties as the original or patent product for dosage form, strength, route of administration, quality, safety, performance characteristics, and intended use. The purpose of publicising non-branded generic medicine is a robust policy response to boost access and affordability and decrease medicine costs.

Government’s action in managing generic medicines

The government of India launched Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojna (PMBJP) in 2008. It aims to provide quality and unbiased medicines to all sections of society. It also aims to educate people about generic medicines and clear the misconception that quality comes with a price.

Besides, medication information centres (DIC) in India are available for the healthcare community to provide accurate, unbiased, updated medication information for better patient care. These centres also provide medication information to patients on the appropriate, safe, effective, rational, and economical usage of medicines. You can visit your nearest medication information centre for details. 

To promote generic medicines, as per government laws, online pharmacies have evolved as a cost-effective method to buy medicines at an affordable price. Besides, patients who are time constrained or have difficulty visiting a doctor due to work commitments can seek medical guidance, prescriptions, and generic medicines from online pharmacies having a team of experienced doctors at the back.

Frequently asked questions

Disclaimer

This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult a healthcare provider before beginning any new wellness practice, especially if you have an existing medical condition or are on medication.

References

• Sharma, B., Arora, A., Singh, K., Singh, H., & Kaur, P. (2017). Drug abuse: Uncovering the burden in rural Punjab. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 6(3), 558. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.222037
• Lavtepatil, S., & Ghosh, S. (2022). Improving access to medicines by popularising generics: a study of “India’s People’s Medicine” scheme in two districts of Maharashtra. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08022-1
• Chandola, A., Ratnakar, Kandari, S., & Joshi, Y. (2020). Status of Drug Information Centre and Services in India: An Overview and Challenges. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 64(2), 60–64. https://doi.org/10.47583/ijpsrr.2020.v64i02.010